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Episode
🐟Could FARMED FISH actually be healthier for you (and the ocean)?!
~83 min
Episode Brief·YouTube

🐟Could FARMED FISH actually be healthier for you (and the ocean)?!

Casey Means
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TL;DR

The four things you'd lose by not watching

4 items

TL;DR

The four things you'd lose by not watching

4 items
1

Farmed fish can be healthier than wild when raised on clean low-trophic feeds (algae, insect protein) and lab-tested for mercury and microplastics — Copia’s seafood meets <0.1 ppm mercury and zero detectable microplastics, safe for daily consumption even raw during pregnancy.

2

Mercury in fish comes from coal-power emissions bioaccumulating up the food chain; microplastics enter flesh through contaminated feed, not ambient water, so feed control eliminates both.

3

Regenerative aquaculture mimics ecosystems by integrating finfish, shellfish, and kelp to cycle nutrients, rehabilitate dead zones, and sequester carbon via shell calcification and fast-growing kelp.

4

Copia flash-freezes at -30°C for parasite destruction per FDA guidelines, validating temperature throughout delivery, enabling raw fish consumption without parasite risk.

Protocols

Concrete recipes — what, when, how much, and why

2 items

FDA Parasite Destruction Freeze for Raw Seafood

WhatFreeze raw fish at -30°C (-22°F) for at least 7 days or at -35°C (-31°F) for 24 hours to kill parasites, making it safe for raw consumption.
WhenUpon harvest or purchase; before eating raw fish, especially for vulnerable individuals (pregnancy, immunocompromised).
Dose7 days at -30°C, or 24 hours at -35°C (FDA guidelines).
For whomAnyone consuming raw seafood, particularly pregnant women and those with compromised immunity.
WhyDestroys pathogenic parasites; essential for sushi-grade safety. Standard practice in premium sushi restaurants.
CaveatsHome freezers cannot achieve these temperatures; requires commercial blast freezing or specialized equipment. Copia validates temperature throughout the cold chain and ships with a thermometer to confirm.

Arthur notes that parasites enter fish through infected feed (lower-trophic organisms); Copia’s feed is certified parasite-free, providing a second safety layer. His wife ate raw Copia fish during pregnancy without incident. The protocol aligns with what sushi chefs have long done behind the scenes.

Mechanism

Extreme cold disrupts parasite cellular structures, validated by FDA research. Fish must be held at the target temperature for the full duration.

Personal experience

Arthur: 'when my wife got pregnant … she felt uncomfortable eating anything other than Sushi great Seafood because she just couldn't digest it … how do we get her product that is clean and which ones are clean … we are ensuring that there's no potential living pathogens in any of the copia products because of the way that it's frozen.'

the FDA guidelines for parasite destruction … just so happens that when you blast freeze or nitrogen freeze Seafood you're often times adhering to that first principle

Also said
“the guidelines were something like -30° requires 7 days at that temperature 60° was 24 hours”— Specific time/temp details.
“if you put a fish with parasites in your home freezer it will not kill the parasites it's not cold enough”— Home freezer limitation.

Low-Mercury Seafood Selection for Pregnancy

WhatChoose seafood lab-tested to contain less than 0.1 ppm mercury, which, according to FDA safe-dosage calculations, allows consumption up to three servings per day, seven days per week during pregnancy.
WhenThroughout pregnancy and breastfeeding, substituting for wild-caught high-mercury fish (e.g., tuna).
DoseUp to 3 servings daily (based on FDA safe-exposure levels for <0.1 ppm mercury fish).
For whomPregnant and nursing women, or anyone wishing to minimize mercury intake without sacrificing seafood nutrition.
WhyAvoids neurotoxic mercury exposure while providing DHA/EPA for fetal brain development. Most wild fish would restrict the mother to tiny weekly portions (e.g., paperclip-weight of tuna per day).
CaveatsOnly applies to fish with verified mercury levels. Copia tests every lot; other sources may not. The protocol assumes mercury content matches the tested value. Always consult a healthcare provider.

Arthur modeled this after the FDA’s reference doses for pregnant women. He made it the standard for Copia: if his wife couldn’t eat it liberally, it wasn’t acceptable. Host Casey Means shared that after a month of tuna in Hawaii, her functional-health labs showed spiked mercury, which normalized only after months of avoiding fish—illustrating how swiftly mercury can accumulate.

Mechanism

Mercury is a neurotoxin that crosses the placenta and can impair fetal brain development. By keeping per-serving mercury low and total weekly intake below EPA/FDA reference doses, neurodevelopmental risk is minimized.

Personal experience

Arthur: 'when my wife got pregnant we had those same concerns how do we get the low lowest levels of mercury and really optimized for highest levels of Omega-3s we are lab testing every lot of seafood that we receive and we reject Seafood that has a level of mercury defined by the FDA as not safe for a pregnant woman to consume three times a day 7 days a week.'

if it doesn't have less than 0.1 parts per million of mercury … it's not going to be on the copia

Also said
“we're testing every single lot and we're saying if it doesn't have less than 0.1 parts per million of mercury … it's not going to be on the copia uh doesn't get the lab”— Quantifies the threshold.
“you could eat it three times a day seven days a week and not accumulate those those same exposure levels”— Safety claim.

What's new

Personal practice updates, fresh positions, predictions

5 items

aquaculture-3.0-feed-revolution

James Arthur outlines three eras of aquaculture: 1.0 fed wild baitfish, 2.0 shifted to cheap corn/soy causing fish inflammation, and 3.0 uses optimized feeds (microalgae, insect protein, mycelium) for cleaner, healthier fish.

Why this matters: Redefines farmed fish: not all farmed is unhealthy — feed quality determines health and contaminant levels, directly challenging the stigma.

Background

Aquaculture began by replicating wild diets (ground baitfish) but as wild stocks plateaued and toxins accumulated, the industry moved to land-based proteins like GMO corn, soy, and canola oil to reduce pressure on baitfish. This led to sicker fish needing antibiotics.

Arthur explains that feeding fish GMO corn, soy, and canola oil causes inflammation, fatty liver, and weakened immunity—mirroring human metabolic syndrome—forcing farmers to use prophylactic antibiotics. Aquaculture 3.0 returns to species-appropriate nutrition: microalgae for omega-3s (DHA/EPA), insect protein for salmonids (natural insectivores), and mycelium protein. This shift restores nutrient density and eliminates antibiotic dependence, but it demands a different business model because commodity markets won’t pay a premium. The change is analogous to the grass-fed beef movement: it requires consumer demand for measurable quality (omega-3s, low mercury).

when you're feeding fish GMO corn and soy and canola oil they surprisingly have a very similar response that you and I have is you're they get inflammation their immune system is lowered fatty liver disease all these symptoms are showing up in fish and yet if people aren't asking what's in the feed they just want cheaper fish then that's what they're going to get

Also said
“aquaculture 3.0 is where we're saying how do we raise fish in the cleanest healthiest way that's also scalable and healthy”— Positions the current paradigm.

microplastics-from-feed-not-water

Microplastics accumulate in fish flesh via bioaccumulation from contaminated feed, not directly from swimming in polluted water—demonstrated by fish raised in plastic tanks with clean feed having zero detectable microplastics.

Why this matters: Overturns the widespread belief that ocean-dwelling fish inevitably absorb ambient microplastics, putting the focus on feed supply chains.

Background

Public concern about microplastics in seafood often assumes fish ingest particles from water. Research shows larger visible plastics can be found in stomachs, but microplastics in edible tissue originate from consuming smaller contaminated organisms.

Arthur details that through extensive testing, fish raised in plastic-lined tanks (recirculating systems) display no detectable microplastics in flesh when their feed is clean. The plastic from the tanks does not leach into the animal; the pathway is strictly dietary. Wild fish consume lower-trophic prey that have ingested microplastics, leading to bioaccumulation. Therefore, controlling what farmed fish eat—ensuring feed ingredients are free of microplastics—can produce seafood with no detectable microplastics, a standard Copia verifies on every lot.

so it's not just the environment unless someone was going in there and like shaving off the edges and then the fish were literally eating that but they're not they're eating a specific feed yeah yeah and I can tell you this conclusively that we test all of this and it's not environmental exposure it's bio accumulation through feed that has the ability to get into concentrated levels in the flesh

Also said
“fish swimming in that environment is not accumulating toxicity into their systems it's what they're eating”— Reinforces the dietary pathway.
“when we test them are not showing levels of microplastics because the feed”— Empirical support from Copia testing.

regenerative-aquaculture-carbon-sequestration

Regenerative aquaculture can sequester carbon through scallop shell calcification, kelp growth, and nutrient cycling that transforms dead zones into carbon-rich ecosystems.

Why this matters: Expands the carbon-drawdown conversation beyond soil to the ocean, positioning seafood farming as a climate solution.

Background

The ocean holds the planet’s largest carbon reservoirs via deep-sea cycles. Industrial bottom-trawling releases stored carbon; regenerative practices can rebuild carbon-storing structures.

Arthur explains that scallops raised in lantern baskets pull dissolved carbon from the water to build shells (calcification), permanently storing it. In integrated multi-trophic aquaculture, finfish waste is rich in ammonia, phosphorus, and nitrates, which fertilize kelp and filter feeders like oysters and mussels. These organisms then grow rapidly, creating massive carbon structures. Giant kelp can grow up to two feet per day. By placing such systems in previously nutrient-poor dead zones, you create oases of life that aggregate carbon. The ocean’s potential for carbon sequestration far exceeds land-based regenerative agriculture, but it’s often out of sight.

regenerative aquaculture with things like scallops that work symbiotically with finfish or kelp or other species like muscles and oysters they are all pulling carbon

Also said
“you can actually raise fish in previous dead zones ... if you have a open ocean aquaculture facility where you're raising fish that are pooping they're Distributing those nutrients into the environment all of a sudden you can grow these Kelps and you can grow these filter feeders and you can create these fish attracting devices these environments that previously were dead zones”— Explains the mechanism for creating carbon-sink habitats.
“the ecosystem services and the ability to catalyze those sort of carbon Cycles is far has far more potential in the Ocean than it does on land”— Relative scale of ocean carbon potential.

parasite-free-raw-seafood-freezing

FDA parasite destruction guidelines (e.g., -30°C for 7 days) can make raw fish safe, a practice Copia uses to allow raw consumption even during pregnancy.

Why this matters: Provides a clear, science-based method to enjoy sushi-grade fish at home, challenging blanket raw-fish avoidance for pregnant women.

Background

Pregnant women are advised against raw fish due to parasite risk. Parasites are acquired when fish eat infected prey; they can be killed by proper freezing, not by home freezers.

Arthur explains that many premium sushi restaurants freeze fish to these standards. Copia blast-freezes at harvest, stores at -30°C, and ships with dry ice and a thermometer to validate the cold chain. The feed is also certified parasite-free, providing a dual safety net. This allowed his wife to safely eat raw fish daily during her third trimester. He cautions that home freezers cannot reach the required temperatures to kill parasites.

Personal experience

When his wife was pregnant, she could only comfortably digest raw seafood; Arthur relied on Copia’s freezing protocol to ensure safety. He also recalls a fishing guide in Alaska warning that fresh-caught salmon must be frozen before eating to avoid parasites.

the FDA guidelines for parasite destruction is just so happens that when you blast freeze or nitrogen freeze Seafood you're often times adhering to that first principle of the low temperature and then the way that we store our fish also aderes to that so we are ensuring that there's no potential living pathogens in uhh any of the copia products because of the way that it's frozen

Also said
“the guidelines were something like -30° requires 7 days at that temperature 60° was 24 hours but you have to keep it at a very low temperature for a minimum period of time to kill any potential pathogen pathogenic parasites”— Specific FDA time/temperature combos.
“if you put a fish with parasites in your home freezer it will not kill the parasites it's not cold enough”— Home freezer caveat.

mercury-source-coal-emissions

The primary source of mercury in seafood is airborne emissions from coal-fired power plants, which settle into waterways and bioaccumulate up the food chain.

Why this matters: Demystifies why wild fish carry mercury—it’s an industrial legacy, not a natural baseline—and underscores why farmed fish on clean feed can be mercury-safe.

Background

Mercury levels in the ocean have tripled since the Industrial Revolution. It binds to fatty tissues and magnifies in predators like tuna and whales.

Arthur explains that coal combustion releases mercury into the atmosphere, which deposits into rivers and oceans. Phytoplankton absorb it, and as larger fish eat them, mercury concentrates. Top predators can reach toxic levels, threatening species like killer whales. Regenerative aquaculture uses low-trophic feeds (algae) that bypass this chain, keeping mercury at <0.1 ppm, a level safe for daily consumption.

we've been using Coal Fire plants for so long that's probably the biggest contributor ... the emissions from coal goes in the atmosphere and Mercury is one of the biggest uhh pollutants in in the effluent and it falls back down into our river systems and goes down the lakes and gets consumed by phol Plankton and and it sticks into the fatty tissues and it works its way up the food chain and bio accumulates

Also said
“the levels of mercury in the ocean today are like 300% higher than they were at the beginning of the industrial uh Industrial Revolution”— Quantifies the increase.
Disclosed sponsorships1speaker disclosed

Copia Regenerative Seafood Subscription

Service Sponsored · disclosed

Direct-to-consumer frozen seafood from regenerative aquaculture farms, lab-tested for mercury and microplastics, delivered with carbon-neutral shipping.

DisclosureJames Arthur is co-founder of Copia.

Copia was born after Arthur’s wife became pregnant and they needed reliably clean seafood. The company sources from farms using aquaculture 3.0 feed (algae, insect protein) and high-welfare multi-trophic systems. Every lot is tested; a certificate of analysis is included. Orders ship on dry ice with a temperature validator to maintain parasite-destruction temperatures. Originally delivered on the full moon to build community, now ships weekly.

vs alternatives

Unlike grocery-store or restaurant fish with unknown mercury, microplastic, and parasite history, Copia provides transparent testing and validated cold-chain integrity. Wild fish, especially top predators, often have higher mercury and cannot guarantee parasite-free raw consumption.

Personal experience

Arthur feeds his family Copia fish. Host Casey Means ate raw Copia fish for lunch and called it the best lunch ever. Arthur’s wife ate it raw throughout her third trimester.

we ship it to your door all of our shipping is carbon neutral our packaging is eco-friendly and it arrives with sushi grade super Frozen Seafood that has a certificate of analysis on all the products quantifying the cleanliness and the nutrients

Also said
“we are lab testing every lot of seafood that we receive and we reject Seafood that has a level of mercury defined by the FDA as not safe for a pregnant woman to consume three times a day 7 days a week”— Commitment to safety.
“it is in the copia catalog it has the strictest testing and requirements because it needed to be safe for our family”— Personal motivation and quality gate.
Find Copia

Notable quotes

Lines worth pulling out — contrarian, specific, or perfectly phrased

5 items
the oceans are changing in a very rapid and dynamic way and what I used to feel comfortable eating is not doesn't exist anymore
Personal wake-up call that compelled the creation of Copia.
there's no such thing as waste in nature there's always a symbiotic co-partner
Core principle of regenerative aquaculture and multi-trophic design.
when you're feeding fish GMO corn and soy and canola oil they surprisingly have a very similar response that you and I have is you're they get inflammation their immune system is lowered fatty liver disease all these symptoms are showing up in fish and yet if people aren't asking what's in the feed they just want cheaper fish then that's what they're going to get
Human analogy making the case for clean feed as a health imperative.
the triglyceride form of those long chain Omega-3s is what my body wants to digest not the ethyl ester form of a shelf stable omega-3 supplement that makes me feel Burpee
Specific biochemical distinction between whole-food and supplement omega-3s.
Jacques Cousteau famously said the mark of civilization was the transition from hunters and gatherers to Farmers and we as stewards of the ocean need to learn how to farm in the ocean to transition from extractive fishing into responsible farming
Frames aquaculture as a necessary civilizational advance.

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Topics covered

regenerative-aquaculturefarmed-fishmercurymicroplasticsomega-3pregnancy-nutritionparasite-destructionalgae-feedaquaculture-testingcopiacarbon-sequestrationmulti-trophic-aquacultureocean-healthfood-safetyaquaculture-3.0
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